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The China seismic intensity scale (CSIS) is a national standard in the People's Republic of China〔Effectively this only applies to mainland China. Hong Kong and Taiwan each use a different intensity scale. See Seismic scale#Intensity scales for more details.〕 used to measure seismic intensity. Similar to EMS-92 on which CSIS drew reference, seismic impacts are classified into 12 degrees of intensity, or liedu (, literally "degrees of violence") in Roman numerals from I for insensible to XII for landscape reshaping. The scale was initially formalized by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) in 1980, therefore often referred to by its original title as "China Seismic Intensity Scale (1980)". It was later revised, and adopted as a national standard, or Guobiao, series GB/T 17742-1999 by then National Quality and Technology Supervision Administration (now (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine of P.R.C. ), AQSIQ) in 1999.〔 〕 The standard was set for revision not long before the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.〔 〕 ==Liedu Scale== Unlike the magnitude scales that objectively estimate the released seismic energy, liedu denotes how strongly an earthquake affects a specific place. It is determined by a combination of subjective evaluations (such as human senses and building damages) and objective kinetic measures. Building damages are further refined with a combination of descriptive qualifiers and a numeric evaluation process. The following is an unofficial translation of the Appendix I of GB/T 17742-1999. Notes about Qualifiers: "very few" - <10%; "few" - 10% - 50%; "most" - 50% - 70%; "majority" - 70% - 90%; "commonly" - >90%. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「China seismic intensity scale」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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